From: Estimating the contribution of infrastructure to national productivity in Europe
Main | Human capital | Tax | Trade | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Investment | 0.3179 | 0.4000 | 0.3442 | 0.2383 |
Population growth | −1.5365 | 0.2732 | −2.2123 | −0.7293 |
Human capital | - | 0.2784 | - | - |
Trend | 0.0268 | 0.0199 | 0.0257 | 0.0197 |
AT | 0.1022 (23) | 1.1235 ++ (17) | 0.1230 (23) | 0.3309 ++ (23) |
BE (Under-investing) | 1.7039*** ++ (16) | 1.7725*** +++ (16) | 1.4843*** +++ (16) | 0.9934*** +++ (16) |
BG | 0.4821** (17) | 0.4588* ++ (12) | 0.4803** (17) | 0.5260** (17) |
CH | −0.0501 +++ (24) | −0.0454 (16) | −0.0934** +++ (22) | −0.0455 +++ (24) |
CY (Under-investing) | 0.2331*** +++ (17) | 0.1675*** +++ (13) | 0.1588*** + (17) | 0.1943*** +++ (17) |
CZ | −0.1631 ++ (18) | −0.0684 ++ (13) | 0.2138 ++ (16) | −0.1636 ++ (18) |
DE | 0.2269 ++ (21) | 0.0839 + (20) | −0.4857 (21) | 0.1879 +++ (21) |
DK (Possibly under-investing) | 0.3339*** (34) | 0.3682*** +++ (17) | 0.3977** (14) | 0.2815*** ++ (34) |
EE | 0.0293 ++ (19) | 0.1039 + (14) | −0.0824 (17) | −0.0154 ++ (19) |
EL | - | - | - | - |
ES | 0.0813*** (32) | 0.4340** (20) | 0.8150** (17) | 0.0257* +++ (32) |
FI | −0.0902* (37) | 0.4692 ++ (17) | −0.1010 (36) | −0.3092*** (37) |
FR (Under-investing) | 0.4195*** ++ (20) | 0.4196*** ++ (19) | 0.3342*** +++ (20) | 0.1622** (20) |
HU | −0.1845** (15) | −0.1728 (13) | −0.1529 (15) | −0.2009** (15) |
IE | −0.4413*** (15) | −0.1998 +++ (15) | −0.2787*** +++ (15) | −0.1227 (15) |
IT (Under-investing) | 2.1896*** +++ (21) | 1.9721*** +++ (19) | 2.1933*** +++ (21) | 1.5180*** ++ (21) |
LT | −0.0920 (17) | 0.1139 +++ (14) | −0.1220 ++ (17) | −0.0910 (17) |
LU | −0.2165 (15) | −0.1421 (15) | −0.6055*** (15) | −0.0979 + (15) |
LV | - | - | - | - |
MT | - | - | - | - |
NL | −0.1691 (35) | −0.0791 ++ (14) | −0.0259 (15) | 0.0894 +++ (35) |
NO (Over-investing) | −0.1641*** ++ (42) | −0.0948 (16) | −0.1246* ++ (17) | −0.1596*** +++ (42) |
PL | 0.0382 + (17) | 0.0233 + (15) | 0.0283 +++ (17) | 0.0461* (17) |
PT | 0.0576 +++ (17) | 0.0659 ++ (17) | 0.0337 + (17) | 0.0468 ++ (17) |
RO | 0.1545** (16) | 0.0964* (15) | 0.0871 (16) | 0.1593* (16) |
SE | 0.0583 ++ (40) | 0.0186 (15) | −0.2783 (17) | 0.0575 ++ (40) |
SI | 0.0081 + (22) | −0.2068* + (16) | −0.1706 ++ (20) | −0.0239 ++ (22) |
SK | −0.1688 +++ (20) | 0.2350 +++ (14) | −0.1612 ++ (19) | −0.1597 +++ (20) |
UK | 0.0794 ++ (37) | −1.1118 ++ (20) | −0.1116 + (22) | 0.1367** ++ (37) |
Error-correction term | −0.5672 | −0.9821 | −0.9200 | −0.6773 |
Adjusted R2 (long-run) | 0.975 | 0.967 | 0.977 | 0.983 |
Adjusted R2 (short-run) | 0.623 | 0.695 | 0.709 | 0.756 |
F-statistic (long-run) | 620.6 | 234.8 | 406.4 | 814.5 |
F-statistic (short-run) | 10.3 | 12.1 | 14.0 | 19.8 |